Manufacture of textile yarns and the production of fabrics therewith



Oct. 13, 1936. J BRANDWQOD 2,057,363 MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE YARNS AND THE PRODUCTION OF FABRICS THEREWITH Filed May 15, 1954 on ordinary way with Patented Oct. I l3, 1936 UNITED STATES OF TEXTILE YARNS AND THE PRODUCTION OF FABRICS THERE- WITH Joseph Brandwood, Southport, England Application May 15, 1934, Serial No. 725,736 In Great Britain May 24, 1933 201mm. (c1. 11-2) The invention relates to the manufacture of textile yarns of that kind in which the twist which has been imparted to a yarn in ordinary spinning is partly or wholly replaced by an ad- 5 hesive which causes, cohension of the component fibres. Fabrics prepared from such yarns have abetter lustre and a better feel than fabrics prepared with ordinary twisted yarns. It is important however that when a twisted yarn is 10 treated with the adhesive the latter should be of such a nature that it can be evenly distributed and that it should penetrate evenly the lumen of every fibre. Further it should be of -sufficient strength to enable the treated yarn to withstand l5 winding and weaving or other tension in prepara-. tion of the fabric therewith, and be unaffected by humidity. Again, in the formation of the yarn from an ordinary twisted yarn, in which the whole or part of the twist of the latter is taken out by detwisting, the substance employed should be such that this detwisting can be carried out without any application of liquids or the like to the yarn whilst the detwisting operation is proceeding. It is very important also that the fibres whilst being in a state of high cohesion should be capable of movement relative to eachother, so that the detwisting maybe effected at high speed and without breakdowns which would occur if the adhesive employed were only an adhesive or 30 hard-drying fixative in the ordinary meaning of that term.

The present invention is directed to the provision of amethod of producing a textile yarn having little or no twist therein, employing an adhe- 5 sive which has the qualities indicated above as requisite, and according to such method a textile yarn or silver having twist therein is taken and impregnated with a liquid which when dried off will leave a deposit upon the fibres of a plastic 4o substance which will render the mass of fibres coherent and at the same time plastic and flexible, drying the treated yarn or silver to cause the deposition, and taking out a desired number of twists from the yarn or sliver in the dry state.

45 I flnd that an oxidising oil, such as rape or linseed oil, meets the requirements of the invention, and the process with the use of linseed oil by way of example, will now be fully described, as applied to yarns which have been spun in the a usual number of twists per inch therein.

Firstly, the yarns are wound upon perforated holders in cheese form, and are then treated by differential pressure in any form of apparatus to suitable for the purpose. The annexed drawing shows by way of example a suitable apparatus consisting of a closed casing I with a perforated horizontal partition 2 to receive the cheeses of yarn 3. An emulsion of the linseed oil is prepared with cold water, for example in the proportions 5 of about 20 per cent of the oil and 80 per cent of the water, these being passed through an emulsifying mill or, alternatively, shaken together, any suitable emulsifying agent having previously been added, until a stable emulsion is formed. This is then charged in the casing l and by means. of the pump A pipe 5 and pipe 6 is circulated through the cheeses 3 downwardly as long as necessary for a thorough impregnation. When the pump 4 is at rest the level of the liquid, in the casing I is below the horizontal level of the lower side of a pipe 1 which with the further pipe. 8 forms a circuit with a vacuum pump not shown. This pump being now set in motion air is drawn inwardly through the cheeses and go through the cheese holders, excess of the emulsion thus being clearedfrom the yarns.

The cover of the casing I being now removed the cheeses are withdrawn, and are placed in a drying chamber.- Hot air drying chambers for textiles in cheese or other wound form are so well known. that description or illustration is not deemed necessary here. It is sumcient to say that, as is also well known, a woimd yarn package dries from inside to outside, the heated air-of the drying chamber first affecting the outer parts and the moisture from within then passing to the dried outer parts, and so on. The linseed oil of this invention having a much greater aflinity than has water for textile fibres, the water is thus dried off, leaving the oil, the oxidizing of the latter taking place at the ordinary drying temperature, for example 140 degrees F. The yarns in this dried condition can now-be taken to the creel of a ring spinning frame and be detwisted and wound upon a bobbin by carrying out exactly the known movements of spinning, with this difference, that the direction of rotation of the spinning traveller is such that instead of adding twist to the already twisted yarn, the twist which has been imparted to the yarn in its production by spinning is taken out to the desired number of turns per inch. The form and manner of operation of a ring'spinning frame and the calculations for twist-which calculations are applicable to the process of detwisting or taking twist out-are well known in the art and need not be further described or referred to here.

After the detwisted yarn has been prepared it may be employed in the weaving or knitting of fabrics, and the latter are then subjected to a bath which will remove the deposited oil. A hot water bath, to which has been added a mild alkali such as soda ash is found very eifective, the oil film on the yarns being saponifled and removed.

The application of the process to a twisted sliver which has not yet in preparation reached the spinning stage will be understood from the foregoing.

Although by the process the component fibres of a yarn or sliver are found after detwisting to be a flexible and plastic and coherent mass, the individual coils of cheese or other wound package do not adhere together and they run freely oil in the detwisting, being found to be free from stickiness or oiliness. No special provision is required for causing the twists to untwist, as they separate during the detwisting without that wrenching which would occur if a fixative as ordinarily understoodsuch as a gum, were employed and without the necessity of moistening during the detwisting which would be involved by the use of such a fixative.

The apparatus described and shown is a convenient one for the purpose of impregnating the fibres, but it is given as an example only, and any convenient method of impregnating, with drying and oxidizing, may be employed. For example continuous lengths oi yarn might be run through a bath of the oil emulsion, and then charged in the drying chamber with subsequent winding.

I claim:-

1. The process of producing by detwisting a single textile yarn of discontinuous fibres having 10 little or no twist therein, consisting in impregnating a textile yarn having twist therein with an emulsion of an oxidizing oil. drying off completely the .water of the emulsion with complete drying oi. the oxidizing oil to leave a deposit upon the fibres which will leave them capable of movement relative to each other in untwisting and at the same time render the fibre mass strongly coherent without impairing flexibility, and taking out a desired number of twists from the treated yarn in the thoroughly dried condition.

2. The process of producing a textile fabric by interlacing yarns consisting of detwisted textile fibres and a dried oxidizing oil, and saponifying and removing oil deposit from the yarns of the produced fabric.

JOSEPH BRANDWOOD. 

